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Immunomodulatory properties of helminth-produced molecules and their effect during autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases
Moravcová, Johana ; Šmídová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
Parasitic helminths produce excretion/secretion products (ESP) that affect the host's immune system to prevent damage or exclusion of the parasite. In recent decades, individual ESP molecules have been the focus of research for the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory potential. Diseases that have been investigated in this context include ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic asthma. Among the pleiad of helminths and their immunomodulatory molecules, it is worth mentioning Acanthocheilonema viteae (Av17), Ancylostoma caninum (NIF), Ascaris lumbricoides (Al-CPI), Brugia malayi (BMCys), Clonorchis sinensis (CsStefin-1), Fasciola hepatica (FhHDM-1), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (HpTGM), Schistosoma japonicum (SjCystatin) and Schistosoma mansoni (Omega-1). The main effects of these molecules on the host immune system include affecting the function of dendritic cells and macrophages, influencing cytokine production and reducing the Th1 immune response, which usually leads to alleviation of disease symptoms. Based on the current state of knowledge, it is not yet certain how the molecules will work in treating patients and whether they will have the same effect when administered in the long term. Despite...
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IL-25: Novel target to treat allergic diseases
Lišková, Kateřina ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Boháčová, Pavla (referee)
Interleukin (IL) 25 is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes a Th2-type cell response. Its alternate name is IL-17E, and along with 5 other members, IL-25 belongs to to the family of cytokine IL-17. The family is based on the similarity of their amino acid sequences. The source and target cells of IL-25 include many different cell types. IL-25 is not only produced by many types of immune cells, but epithelial and Paneth cells are involved in its production as well. Its receptors form heterodimers composed of 2 subunits - IL-17RA and IL-17RB. Both receptor proteins are required for IL-25 mediated activities and occur in other IL-17 family members. IL-25 also plays an important role in allergies - one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Cytokine IL-25 has been studied primarily in asthma. However, other very common types of allergies, such as food allergies, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, can not be overlooked. Even in these cases, the role of IL-25 is not negligible and is studied. Based on the knowledge of IL-25 biology and its role in allergies, this cytokine may be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of allergic diseases. One possibility is, for example, the use of neutralizing antibody and subsequent blocking of IL-25 activity. Key words: interleukin-25,...
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IL-25: Novel target to treat allergic diseases
Lišková, Kateřina ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Boháčová, Pavla (referee)
Interleukin (IL) 25 is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes a Th2-type cell response. Its alternate name is IL-17E, and along with 5 other members, IL-25 belongs to to the family of cytokine IL-17. The family is based on the similarity of their amino acid sequences. The source and target cells of IL-25 include many different cell types. IL-25 is not only produced by many types of immune cells, but epithelial and Paneth cells are involved in its production as well. Its receptors form heterodimers composed of 2 subunits - IL-17RA and IL-17RB. Both receptor proteins are required for IL-25 mediated activities and occur in other IL-17 family members. IL-25 also plays an important role in allergies - one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Cytokine IL-25 has been studied primarily in asthma. However, other very common types of allergies, such as food allergies, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, can not be overlooked. Even in these cases, the role of IL-25 is not negligible and is studied. Based on the knowledge of IL-25 biology and its role in allergies, this cytokine may be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of allergic diseases. One possibility is, for example, the use of neutralizing antibody and subsequent blocking of IL-25 activity. Key words: interleukin-25,...
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The role of myeloid dendritic cells in allergic diseases
Navrátilová, Adéla ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
Dendritic cells (DC) of hematopoietic origin can be distinguished into cells originating from the myeloid (mDC) or lymphoid lineage. DCs of both branches are able to uptake the antigens, present their samples to T-lymphocytes and polarize the immune response. Lymphoid line DCs are specialized in fighting viruses and they are an important source of interferon alpha. MDCs, which engage antigens as one of the first cells, play an important role in allergies, which are a current problem. Allergy is defined as an inadequate immune response to environmentally nonharmful antigens, and asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy are among the most common allergic diseases. This work focuses on the role of mDC in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and their possible use in treatment. Furthermore, this paper describes the differences between healthy and allergic individuals in terms of functional changes of mDC and differences between mature and immature immune system. Key words: dendritic cells, allergic diseases, cytokines, newborn immune system
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Allergic diseases in relation to lifestyle risk factors by children in younger school age in the Region of Karlovy Vary
RYBOVÁ, Eliška
As the subject of my Bachelor{\crq}s work I choose "Allergic diseases in relation to risk factors of the life style of children of younger school age in the region Karlovy Vary" because I think that allergies represent a topical problem which due to its nature affects not only children but also our whole society. The aim of the work is to find out how the selected life style factors share in the occurrence of allergies of children of younger school age in the region Karlovy Vary. The work comprises a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part comprises comprehensive theoretical knowledge from the field of allergology that should outline the conditions for the development of allergies, the occurrence of allergies in course of the life, the most common allergic diseases and their subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The practical part is devoted to the realised research which was carried out from November 2009 to January 2010 in regional towns and municipalities of the region Karlovy Vary. The research was performed using the form of the quantitative research, the inquiry method and as the data collection technique was used the anonymous questionnaire. The research file included children of younger school age from 4th and 5l classes of primary schools. As the results of the research show, the children who live in big cities have almost comparable occurrence of allergies as the children from small villages. The results also show that the children who are the most exposed to a smoky environment at home have also the biggest occurrence of allergies in contrast to the children who are not exposed to a tobacco environment at all and for whom predominate an absence of allergies. The investigation into whether the lack of microbes influences the occurrence of children allergies demonstrated in case of using disinfecting agents that shorter periods of their usage have an influence on the occurrence of allergies and to the contrary. The research also shows that elements which share in the character of housing have in case of allergies quite individual displays and therefore can not be denominated as significant factors in general. The results of this research can bring useful information to children allergists as well as wide public when the acquired knowledge can increase the interest in these problems and therefore improve preventive and repressive measures in this field.
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